Jane Eyre and the Creation of the Female Gothic Artist

Kathleen A. Miller

 

My paper argues a significant reason for Jane Eyre’s lasting popularity rests in the heroine’s development as a female artist—while scholars such as Lisa Sternlieb note the power of Jane’s storytelling, few acknowledge her talents as painter and how her artistic skill and temperament ultimately lead to her development as an empowered domestic artist. Although references to female artistry appear to reside in the margins of the text, they actually serve an integral purpose in Jane’s individual, psychic identity development and in her courtship with Edward Rochester. By examining Jane’s development as a female artist, the paper works to refute claims such as those posited by Diane Long Hoeveler who suggests “Jane Eyre presents in a dramatic and powerful manner the melodrama of gender and ideology that has animated the female gothic project. An orphan, friendless, misunderstood, and underappreciated by all her peers, wins her vindication and bests the patriarchy at its own game. And best of all, she gives every indication of having done nothing much at all. The passive-aggressive behavior that lies at the heart of the gothic feminist is in this text writ most plainly for all to see” (222). Jane’s artistry is not a passive aggressive act; instead, her art serves as an act of assertion, even as an act of aggression. Female artistry functions to promote a feminist agenda of gender equality in Bronte’s text. Perhaps the most pivotal relationship Jane has centered on art is in her relationship with Edward Rochester—Rochester’s interest in Jane’s painting facilitates their courtship. The importance of Jane’s art in establishing Rochester’s admiration and romantic interest serves a precursor to Jane’s responsibility for interpreting Rochester’s world once he is blinded. Jane’s art, either as storyteller or painter, is not lost in the text or subsumed by her courtship with and marriage to Rochester; instead, these same talents help to serve Jane’s domestic artistry as she (re)imagines the domestic life and landscape of Jane and Rochester’s life at Ferndean. Thus readers return to Jane’s story for a surprisingly contemporary feminist message of female artistry, agency, and empowerment.